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glossary.txt
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2001-11-02
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*** GLOSSARY ***
This glossary contains short explanations of terms used throughout
manuals. If you are familiar with these ones, you might want to skip it.
ATTRIBUTE
when volume is formatted using NTFS, all properties of files are stored
as "File Attributes". Even the contents of file are stored as a special
attribute ($DATA). This allows file system to treat all objects in uniform
manner.
BOOT SECTOR (BOOT RECORD)
system record in the beginning of a volume containing startup loader
program and some important disk information, e.g. FAT size and number of
sectors per cluster.
CLUSTER
is a least possible allocation unit the operating system uses. It usually
consists of several disk sectors.
CLUSTER FACTOR (CF)
number of 512-byte sectors per cluster. CF is always a power of two, i.e.
1, 2, 4, 8, 16, ..., 128
DIRECTORY
is a system record storing the information about particular file on disk.
Most significant examples include file name, file size and first cluster of
the file
DISK
is a physical device attached to the system (e.g. "Quantum Fireball CR4.3"),
DISK IMAGE
sector-by sector copy of either a physical disk or a volume stored in
file.
FAT (File Allocation Table)
is a system area storing the information about where files are located
and about free areas of disk. This data structure is of most importance when
it comes to data recovery. Other system structures are either not required for
recovery or can be reconstructed with minor effort, while FAT is necessary.
Two copies of FAT are stored on disk in order to increase fault tolerance, so
once one is damaged, another (backup) copy can be used instead.
FILE RECORD SEGMENT (FRS)
is a record in MFT on NTFS volume (see MFT). At least one FRS is stored
in MFT for each file or directory on volume.
INDEX (INDEX BLOCK)
NTFS stores directory contents in a special format (sometimes called "b+
tree"). This allows faster directory searches and sorting. INDEX contains all
b+ tree records for a particular directory, and INDEX BLOCK (being a part of
index) contains part of the b+ tree structure.
LONG FILE NAME (LFN)
Windows 9x/ME/NT extension to a FAT filesystem, which allows creating
file names exceeding MS-DOS "8.3" standard.
MASTER FILE TABLE (MFT)
is a most significant system structure on NTFS. It holds all records
about files, file names and file contents. MFT is an array of FILE RECORD
SEGMENTS, each of them describing an uniquie file or directory.
MATCH FACTOR (M.F.) - see RELEVANCE
PARTITION TABLE (MASTER BOOT SECTOR, MASTER BOOT RECORD, MBR)
is a system record storing information about volume layout, i.e. what
logical volumes are stored on a physical disk, about their locations and
sizes.
RELEVANCE
characterizes the quality of some data (e.g. quality of the parameter
set). It is usually computed as (FoundObjects/ExpectedObjects)*100%. Greater
relevance values mean better quality.
SECTOR
is a minimum amount of data disk can address and/or transfer during a
single operation. It is 512 bytes on PCs.
VOLUME or PARTITION
is a logical volume (e.g. "C:", "D:") on a physical DISK